// Hacker Noon · 10 March 2026

Geopolitics of AI, Layer II: The Industrial Basis of AI Power

AI power isn’t just about models. It rests on three layers: (1) upstream inputs—critical minerals and rare earths; (2) industrial capacity—foundries, packaging/HBM, test, time-to-yield, and the export controls that govern who can produce or acquire advanced chips; and (3) downstream operationalizati...

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